Podcast #4 Typography

Define typography?
The art of expressing ideas through the selection of appropriate typefaces

Where did the word "typography" originate from?
for greek origin 
What does typography involve?
Creating and modifying type using a variety of techniques

What is a typeface?
distinctive designs of visual symbols that are used to compose a printed image or design

What is another term for typeface?
Fonts

What is a character?
Individual symbols that make up a font
What is type style?
modifications in a type space that create a design variety while maintaining the visual style of the typeface

What does type style "create" within a design?
Emphasis

What is the waist line and what does it indicate?
an imaginary line drawn at the middle of the characters

What is a base line and what does it indicate?
an imaginary line drawn at the bottom of the characters

What is an ascender?
the part of a character that extends above the waist line 
What is a descender?
the part of a character that extends below the base line 
Describe a serif?
a smaller line used to finish of the main stroke of a letter
How can the size of the typeface be identified?
measuring vertically from the ascender to the descender
What is a point?
it is the unit that a character is measured in
How many points are in an inch?
there are 72 points in an inch
What is a pica and how many are in an inch?
1 pica = 0.166666667 inches
How many points are in a pica?
1 pica = 12 points 
What is body type and where can it be found?
types sizes that can range from 4pt to 12pt, they are found in places that there is a lot of type to read
What is the key to selecting appropriate typefaces to be used as body type?
how much there is to read or how much space you want the text to take up
What is display type and how is it used?
types above 12pt, they are used to draw attention
What is reverse type and when would it be used?
white type on solid black or dark background it is used as a display
What is a typeface classification?
the basic system for classifying typefaces 
When was Blackletter invented and how was it used?
the earliest form of typeface with the printing press in the 1400s
Describer the characteristics of a Blackletter typeface?
thick strokes that then become thin very ornamental
When was Old Style invneted and what was is based on?
created to replace the blackletter it was based on Roman inscripts 
Describe the characteristics of an Old Style typeface?
wedge shaped angle serifs low contrast to thick and thin
When were formal scripts developed?
17th and 18th century
When were casual scripts developed? 
20th century
Describe the characteristics of a Script typeface?
based on forms with flexible or pens
When was Modern typefaces developed and why?
late 18th and 19th century, as a radical break from traditional typography
Describe the characteristics of a Modern typeface?
sharp contrast between thick and thin strokes and flat serifs
How early can Sans Serif typefaces be found? What happened?
5th century, they were made obsolete in the 20th century
When did they become popular?
in the  1920s
What does "sans serif" mean?
without serif
Describe the characteristics of a Sans Serif typeface?
strokes uniform in weight; have a monotone appearance
When was Slab Serif developed and why?
19th century for advertisement purposes
Describe the characteristics of a Slab Serif typeface?
Uniform line weight and square serifs
Describe Decorative typefaces?
made with a specific purpose or theme in mind
Why were they developed?
for advertisement purposes
What are they best used for?
display type 

Review Week 14

The Minneapolis College of Art and Design
Location: Minneapolis
Graphic Majors Offered:

• Undergraduate Degree
• Graduate Degrees
• Professional Certificates
• Pre-College Summer Sessions

Requirements for admission:

• Applicant consideration and deadline.
• Form and fee
• Artist's statement
• Letters of recommendation
• Portfolio
• Official college transcripts
• Proof of English proficiency
• Student Visa
• Proof of citizenship
• Financial certification 

Academy of Art University 
Location: San Francisco 
Graphic Majors offered:

• Graphic Design Bachelors Degree Program
• Graphic Design Masters Degree Program
• Associate of Arts
• Bachelor of Fine Arts
• Master of Fine Arts

Requirements for admission:

• Statement of Intent
• Résumé
• Official College Transcripts
• Portfolio
• Graduate Domestic Applicants

The Art Institute of Pittsburgh

Location: Pittsburgh

Graphic Majors offered:

• Undergraduate Degree
• Graduate Degrees

Requirements for admission:

• Transcripts
• Portfolio
• Graduate Domestic Applicants
• Statement of Intent
• Resume

Platt College

Location: San Diego 

Graphic Majors offered:

• Bachelor of Science Degree: Media Arts
• Associate of Applied Science Degree: Graphic Design
• Diploma: Graphic Design 

Requirements for admission:

• Transcripts
• Portfolio
• Graduate Domestic Applicants
• Statement of Intent
• Resume
• High school diploma

Collins College

Location: Arizona

Graphics majors offered:

• Undergraduate Degree
• Graduate Degrees

Requirements for admission:

• Transcripts
• Portfolio
• Statement of Intent
• Resume
• High school diploma
• Letters of recommendation

What is a portfolio?
A portfolio is an artist work that is shown for a job application or a college entry 

What is the importance of a portfolio?

It holds all of an artist most successful art, and shows the abilities of the artist 

Review Week 13

How do you add a layer mask to a particular layer?
You would locate the layers pallet, and select the layer you want the mask on. Then you click the layer mask button, located in the bottom left hand corner of the pallet.
What two colors are used to create the mask?
Black and White

Describe the process of using a layer mask?
Once you have clicked it you click on brush and ether have black you take away from the picture or white to add it back
Principles:
Repetition: in this picture os the strips that leads the eyes around and around

Proportion: the plastic monkey is the larger giving the appears of a giant plastic monkey

Emphasis: the light blue sky against the red lips draw a your attention the the center 

Unity: the colors and the shape of the men complete as a whole 

Rhythm: the lines in the background give this pieces length and movement 

Balance:There is an even distribution of color and a feeling of wholeness in piece 

Contrast: the complementary color of the pins causes contrast

Variety:the variety of colors and objects makes the piece more interesting and nautical

Stephen Kroninger

What kind of art/design does he produce?
He creates images made up of cut up images usually from magazines

In what publications/media studios has his work been featured?
His art has been featured in the museum of modern art and he has published several books 

On Nickelodeon for commercials and it is also located on his home page. The principles that he used are  proportion and scale, balance, emphasize, and variety. His proportions are very off scale giving this piece a unrealistic feel, the busy head is countered by the simple bottom that still draws attention, the emphasize would be the flower eyes and the variety of objects and colors brings this piece to life.  The elements used are line, shape, texture, and color.

This pieces was published in several web site and  was an advertisement  for a foot company.  The principles used are contrast, emphasize, variety, and proportion. The contrasting colors of the foot and face bring emphasize to the the eyes and lips, while the proportion of the face its self makes the foot look larger than it actually is. The elements used are color shape and line.

Review Week 12

How can you, as the designer, use principles of design to help compose a page?
By using them to arrange the elements in a way that sends our message and is appealing to the eye

What are the principles of design (define each in your own words)?


Repetition-repeating an element in a design


Proportion/scale-size or scale of the elements of design


Balance-the distribution of elements on a page


Emphasis-the stressing of a particular area of focus


Unity-the wholeness of a composition


Variety-differences and diversity


Rhythm-the movement of space or time


Contrast-when two related elements are different 

Podcast #3 Principles of Design

Define principles of design?
concepts used to arrange the elements of design


What do the principles of design affect?
the content or message of the work



What is the principle of repetition?
repeating some aspect of an element in
 a design


Describe ways that the principle of repetition helps the composition/audience?
makes the composition seem active, helps keep the attention on the piece



What are ways that you can incorporate repetition into your designs?
by repeating a color, line, font, spacing


What should you avoid when working with repetition?
overwhelming the audience



What is the principle of proportion/scale?
 the relative size or scale of various elements of design



What is the most universal standard of measure when judging size?
the human body



How can the principle of proportion/scale be used as an attention getter?
by using unusual porportions



What is the principle of balance?
the distribution of elements on a page



Which kinds of elements/shapes visually weigh heavier/greater?
Larger objects visually weigh more



What is another name for symmetrical balance?
  Formal balance



Define symmetrical balance?
when the weight of a  composition is evenly distributed around a center axis



What is another name for asymmetrical balance?
informal



Define asymmetrical balance?
the weight of a composition isn't evenly balanced around a axis



What is the principle of emphasis?
the stressing of a particular area of focus



What happens to a design that has no focus?
there is not any focus in the piece



What is a focal point and how is it created?
by making one element dominate



How many components of a composition can be a focal point?
only one focal point can be created



What ways can emphasis be created in a design?
contrasting the primary element by its subordinates



What is the principle of unity?
the wholeness of a composition



What three ways can unity be obtained?
1.keeping objects close together

2.make objects similar

3.direct vision by a line

What is the principle of variety?
differences and diversity



What ways can a designer add variety to a design?
texture, color, shapes



Why is it important to find the right balance between unity and variety?
unity could be boring and variety can be chaotic



What is figure?
the part of a picture that we pay attention to



What is another name for figure?
positive space



What is ground?
the surrounding figure around the element



What is another name for ground?
negative space



When a composition is abstract (has no recognizable subject) what will the figure depend on? What does that mean?
the abstract elements around the object



Why must a designer consider the composition as a whole?
because without a balance of ground and figure the area will only half designed



What is the principle of rhythm?the movement of space or time


How is rhythm achieved?
orderly repetition



What three ways can rhythm occur in a design?
1.intervals between elements

2.a more organic or flowing movement

3.a step by step sequence of events

How does rhythm help a composition/design?
helps the viewers eyes move through a piece



What is the principle of contrast?
occurs when two related elements are different 


How can contrast help a design?
helps attract attention and guide the viewer  


What is wrong with having too much or too little contrast in a design?
to little the pieces is boring; to much the piece is confusing


What is the key to working with contrast?
keeping a balance 


What are some common ways of creating contrast?
creating differences with size, texture, color, and line